International Business Machines Incorporated - just the name
makes the business sound important and, for many years, it was the
leading brand in office equipment world-wide. IBM was the brand by
which all others were judged whether it be a humble mechanical adding
machine or, eventually the most powerful of mainframe computers. The
company’s roots can be traced back to the eighteen eighties when its
precursors made scales and measuring cups. From then until the middle
of the last century, IBM was involved in what’s became known as
Information Technology. In the nineteen sixties and seventies, it was
the IBM 360 series that computed for the world’s most prestigious
businesses - Multinational manufacturers, International Banks,
Airlines, and of course, governments almost everywhere. The great blue
cabinets with the spinning reels of tape and the characteristic whining
and clicking were as familiar to people as their families faces. When
people went into stores to buy a computer, be it for personal or
business use, the first criterion was always “IBM Compatible”.
Then came the silicon chip and whereas a 360-40 for example needed an
entire floor of a building with specially designed climate control,
antistatic materials everywhere and kid-glove handling, the new PCs sat
on desktops and needed only perfunctory care to keep them operational.
True, the new machines didn’t have the potential power or reliability
of a mainframe computer but most users didn’t need that anyway. In any
case, it wasn’t too long before the chip was developed enough to
provide the power the big machines had previously supplied. Windows was
potentially the downfall of IBM - here was an operating system that was
cheap and easy to use and there was a fear that IBM would suffer badly.
IBM stock did take a slight downturn in the early 1990s but whether or
not that was anything to do with Bill Gates is a moot point.
Today IBM is a very substantial business. It has assets of $109
billion, revenue of over $96 billion, it employs 329,001 (so says it’s
web site) and has 671, 000 plus stockholders. The product range has, of
course, been developed. Hand operated adding machines and huge
mainframe computers have been superseded by cutting edge technology in
systems, software, networking systems, storage devices and
microelectronics. The company has, probably from necessity, taken on
the challenges and risen to them. Since that blip, the stock has done
well. From the third quarter of 1993 to the end of 1999, it saw
excellent growth reaching a high only just short of $150.
Since then, stability has been the keyword. There was a dip after 9/11
but apart from that, the IBM share price has been pretty steady in the
$80-$100 range. Over the same period, dividends have shown steady
improvement too - from 15 cents in October 2002 to 20 cents for the
dividend payable in September. That equates to $4.94 per share so, on a
share currently valued at just over $80, it licks the bank as a
percentage.
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